Endocrine Abstracts

The defining features of Kallmann's syndrome (KS) are isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH) and anosmia, the consequences of a GnRH neuronal migratory defect and olfactory bulb agenesis respectively. Additional features in X-linked Kallmann's syndrome (XKI), include unilateral renal agenesis and bimanual synkinesis respectively. XKI results from mutations of KALIG 1, on Xp22.3. The encoded protein anosmin-1, is a hexamodular secreted cell membrane associated extracellu...

During early embryogenesis, the olfactory axons and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone(GnRH)-secreting neurons undergo dynamic processes of differentiation, migration and proliferation, regulated by a complex network of molecular and cellular mechanisms responding to various hormonal and developmental signals. Mutations in anosmin-1 and FGFR1 disrupt this pathway, causing Kallmann's syndrome(KS), a human hereditary disorder with GnRH deficiency and inability to smell. A primary n...

Introduction: Silymarin is a standardized extract of the milk thistle (Sylibum marianum) seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans: silybinin, isosilybinin, silycristin, silydianin, and others. It is used in the treatment of toxic liver damage and as adjunctive therapy in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Recent studies have shown a potential benefit in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We undertook to study the effect of silymarin on...